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Capacity utilization in a generalized Malmquist index including environmental factors
Discussion Papers no. 473
Productivity measures ignoring environmental effects may give misleading information on total productivity growth. Further, business cycles in the form of capacity utilization may also significantly influence productivity measures. In thi...
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"The worth of a wildflower"
Discussion Papers no. 476
How much is a wildflower worth? Inspired by "The worth of a songbird" by Funtowicz and Ravetz (1994) we use the value of a wildflower as symbol of the complexity of evaluating environmental qualities and risks. We critically discuss the a...
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Richer and cleaner - at others' expense?
Discussion Papers no. 477
Pollution intensive production can be avoided domestically by increased imports and less exports of dirty products. Such trade effects may imply more emissions abroad, or pollution leakages. We study whether such leakages may contribute t...
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Designing optimal taxes with a microeconometric model of household labour supply
Discussion Papers no. 475
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The Achilles heel of the dual income tax
Discussion Papers no. 474
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The Achilles heel of the dual income tax
Discussion Papers no. 474
The dual income tax provides the self-employed individual with large incentives to participate in tax minimizing income shifting. The present paper analyses the income shifting incentives under the Norwegian split model in the presence of...
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Capacity utilization in a generalized Malmquist index including environmental factors
Discussion Papers no. 473
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The importance of volatility in inflow in a deregulated hydro-dominated power market
Discussion Papers no. 472
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The importance of volatility in inflow in a deregulated hydro-dominated power market
Discussion Papers no. 472
In 2002/2003, the Nordic hydro-dominated power market faced a short-term supply shock. In autumn, precipitation and inflow were unusually low. As a result, there were record high prices in the following winter. Questions were raised wheth...
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Real appreciation as an automatic channel for redistribution of increased government non-tax revenue
Discussion Papers no. 471
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Increased price markup from union coordination
Discussion Papers no. 470
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Increased price markup from union coordination
Discussion Papers no. 470
Existing literature have focused on the influence of institutional factors on wage determination when explaining the prolonged cross-country differences in unemployment. Although coordination of wage bargaining probably affects entry barr...
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Determinants of long-term interest rates in the Scandinavian countries
Discussion Papers no. 469
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Determinants of long-term interest rates in the Scandinavian countries
Discussion Papers no. 469
The financial markets in a small open economy like the Scandinavian countries are influenced by international economic developments, especially in their major trading partners. This paper investigates to which degree nominal long-term int...
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The financing structure of non-listed firms
Discussion Papers no. 468
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